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Presque toutes les surfaces agricoles du Plateau suisse contiennent au moins un néonicotinoïde, selon une étude de l'université de Neuchâtel rendue publique dimanche. Ces insecticides sont omniprésents dans les sols des fermes conventionnelles, mais également, en concentration inférieure, dans ceux de 93% des fermes biologiques.
L'agriculture bio loin d'être épargnée par les néonicotinoïdes. Publié le 07.04.2019
- A nation‐wide survey of neonicotinoid insecticides in agricultural land with implications for agri‐environment schemes - Humann‐Guilleminot - - Journal of Applied Ecology - 30.03.2019 https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.13392
2.We measured the concentrations of five neonicotinoid insecticides (imidacloprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, thiacloprid, acetamiprid) in 702 soil and plant samples in 169 cultivated fields and EFAs from 62 conventional, integrated production and organic farms distributed over the entire lowland of Switzerland.
3.We detected neonicotinoids in 93% of organic soils and crops, and more than 80% of EFA soils and plants – two types of arable land supposedly free of insecticides. We also tested 16 samples of organic seeds, of which 14 were positive for neonicotinoids.
4.Finally, we calculated hazard quotients (HQs) and potentially affected fractions for 72 beneficial and 12 pest species. Under a field‐realistic scenario, we found that between 5.3 and 8.6% of above‐ground invertebrate species may be exposed to lethal concentrations of clothianidin, and 31.6 to 41.2% to sublethal concentrations, in “integrated production” and conventional fields. We also found that 1.3 to 6.8% (up to 12.5% based on HQs) of the beneficial invertebrate species may be exposed to sublethal concentrations of neonicotinoids in EFAs and organic fields. In contrast, no pest species would be exposed to lethal concentrations, even under a worst‐case scenario.
5.Synthesis and applications. Our study suggests that diffuse contamination by neonicotinoids may harm a significant fraction of non‐target beneficial species. The Use of neonicotinoids on crops may threaten biodiversity in refuge areas, while also potentially jeopardizing the practice of organic farming by impeding the biological control of pests. Based on our results, we call for a reduction in the dispersion and overuse of neonicotinoid insecticides in order to prevent any detrimental effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services associated with agroecosystems.
Traduction :
"L'utilisation de néonicotinoïdes sur les cultures peut menacer la biodiversité dans les zones de refuge, tout en compromettant potentiellement la pratique de l'agriculture biologique en empêchant la lutte biologique contre les ravageurs. Sur la base de nos résultats, nous appelons à une réduction de la dispersion et de la surutilisation des insecticides néonicotinoïdes afin de prévenir tout effet néfaste sur la biodiversité et les services écosystémiques associés aux agroécosystèmes."
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